Description
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF) is also known as colony-stimulating factor 3, CSF3, C17orf33, CSF3OS, GCSF, MGC45931.
It is a glycoprotein, growth factor and cytokine produced by a number of different tissues to stimulate the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells.
G-CSF then stimulates the bone marrow to release them into the blood.
G-CSF also stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils.
G-CSF regulates them using Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and Ras /mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal transduction pathway.
G-CSF is produced by endothelium, macrophages, and a number of other immune cells.
The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms, a 174- and 180-amino-acid-long protein of molecular weight 19,600 grams per mole.
G-CSF can effect on the hematopoietic system and neuronal cells as a neurotrophic factor.
The action of G-CSF in the central nervous system is to induce neurogenesis, to increase the neuroplasticity and to counteract apoptosis.
G-CSF stimulates the production of white blood cells (WBC).
In oncology and hematology, a recombinant form of G-CSF is used with certain cancer patients to accelerate recovery from neutropenia after chemotherapy, allowing higher-intensity treatment regimens.
Another form of recombinant human G-CSF called lenograstim is synthesised in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO cells).
The recombinant human G-CSF synthesised in an E.
coli expression system is called filgrastim